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As the next installment of the Introduction to Data Science series, this book continues where Data Science as the Liberal Arts left off. The book consists of three parts—“Fundamentals of Data Science,” “Fundamentals of Data Engineering,” and “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence (AI)”—with 12 researchers contributing to the writing in their respective fields.
 
Data science encompasses the various methods used to describe, visualize, and analyze data; data engineering is the general term for technology needed to collect, process, and protect data; and artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of research whose aim is to mimic human intelligence using machines or software. Due to the rapid development of AI in recent years, we are increasingly seeing AI technology in everyday life. Newfound awareness of the importance of data analysis is also impacting all areas of academia and industry—including the humanities, science and technology, and medicine—and is driving R&D that uses AI. In each of these fields, there is a growing need for individuals capable of using and applying mathematical science, data science, and AI.
 
In its AI Strategy 2019, the Japanese government set targets for cultivating AI human resources at the literacy level (approximately 500,000/year) and advanced