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While family farms are predominant in agriculture and have long been deemed superior in performance, there has been an increase in non-family farms in recent years. In Japan over the past 20 years, farmland has been accumulating in large-scale rice farms. The business size of family farms is growing due to incorporations, land leases, and hiring of workers. Moreover, community farm organizations were originally centered on voluntary organizations and did not necessarily function as business entities. However, recently, they have gained formal and institutional independence through incorporation, and became organizations that accumulate management resources and sustain their existence as farms, becoming predominant in the rice farming industry.
 
For these farms to persist with the support of stakeholders (SHs), they must opt for business expansion and organizational restructuring, devise strategies, and appropriately implement management. It is necessary to handle issues, such as their relationships with the SHs, the processes of farmland cumulation, work management according to weather conditions, and maintenance of the working environment. Moreover, their experiences in the hilly and mountainous areas of Japan, where community farms and other management organizations have developed, may provide valuable insights for farming in disadvantaged areas in selecting appropriate business ma